在新古典框架内分析人力资本与收入分配

human capital and income distribution in the framework of neo-classical growth theory

摘要:

在新古典经济增长理论的框架内，从宏观层面上研究在封闭经济中人力资本对工资收入分配的影响，将收入分配嵌入到新古典经济增长理论中去。在做出人力资本投资不可分的假设的前提下，假设人力资本折旧率为1，物质资本折旧率为0。在福利达到最大化的均衡增长途径上，经济中依然存在收入分配不平等，而且收入分配不平等程度是常数。均衡时经济中人力资本投资收益率等于物质资本投资收益率，对于有能力进行人力资本投资成为技术工人的个体来讲，进行人力资本投资和物质资本投资是无差异的，这部分人可能在两个劳动市场进出，这种进出既会使经济偏离Solow均衡增长路径，也会把经济拉回Solow路径。

Abstract:

This thesis tries to analyze in the framework of neo-classical growth theory the effects of human capital on income distribution. It first tries to integrate the question of income distribution into the neo-classical growth theory. We try to study the questions in a closed economy with this rate flexible. this thesis tries to investigate an economy with only two levels of human capital. Under some assumptions inclusive that of depreciation on human capital and material capital being 1 and 0, respectively, we solve the social welfare maximum question from the angle of a social planner and come to the conclusion that there would be distributive inequality in the Solow steady growth path and its extent be a constant. On the equilibrium, the rate of wages for both groups of workers would be constant. It is said that the rates of returns to both material and human capital should be the same when the economy equilibrates. For individuals who are able to invest in human capital to become skilled, it is indifferent to invest in both kinds of capital. There are peoples, therefore, who migrate between the labor markets for skilled or unskilled workers. Their mobility may lead the economy go away from the equilibrium, but also, more possibly, lead it return to the new equilibrium again.