交通拥挤收费的社会公平性分析

Analysis of Social Equity in Congestion Pricing

摘要:

建立交通模型,分析拥挤收费对社会各阶层的公平性影响.出行者的时间价值(VOT)服从连续型分布.在一个简单的路网上,建立交通均衡模型,分析出行者根据自己的VOT选择出行方式和行驶路径的行为.分析了拥挤收费对不同VOT居民的出行方式、路径选择和费用变化影响,发现实施拥挤收费后大多数出行者的行程时间和总体出行费用都呈现下降趋势.具体而言,广大VOT较低的公交乘客和VOT较高的驾车族从拥挤收费中获益,少量VOT较低的驾车族因拥挤收费受损.

Abstract:

In both thecretical and practical studies,models are constructed to analyze the inequity impact to different travelers from congestion pricing.It is assumed that value of time of travelers follows continuous distribution.In an example network,the equilibrium behavior of travelers in choosing travel mode and route is established.Then the variation of travel mode,travel route and travel cost after congestion pricing is investigated,and it is found that travel time and travel cost decrease after congestion pricing for the majority of travelers.Specifically,most bus passengers and drivers with high VOT benefit from congestion pricing,but few drivers with lower VOT suffer from congestion pricing.