人工气候室内呼出气溶胶颗粒物分布的实验研究

Experimental Study on Distribution of Human Exhaled Aerosol Particles in a Full scale Chamber

摘要:

实验研究了全尺寸人工气候室内，置换通风条件下，人体呼出气溶胶颗粒物在室内竖直、水平方向的分布以及人员暴露情况.采用一套气溶胶发生系统产生近似人体呼出粒径范围的多分散颗粒物，采用高精度的气溶胶光谱仪测量室内颗粒物的分布，采用一个具有呼吸功能的暖体假人以及一个自行研制的暖体假人来模拟真实人体.结果发现，在距离发生源较近的位置，颗粒物在呼吸区高度有“自锁现象”发生；而在远离发生源的位置，颗粒物沿高度方向呈现下低上高的两区分布.人体对颗粒物的暴露量与人体距离发生源的位置有关，人体周围上升的热羽流有助于减小人体对颗粒物的暴露量.

Abstract:

The temperature and velocity distributions along the room height in a full scale experimental chamber were measured. In order to simulate human exhaled droplets, an aerosol generator system based on the Collision type atomizer (Model 7388AGS) was used to generate poly dispersed droplets. An aerosol spectrometer (Model 1.108 Grimm) was used to measure the concentration distribution indoors. A breathing thermal manikin and a self made thermal manikin were used to simulate occupants. It is found that a trap phenomenon of exhaled droplet occurred in the breathing height near the particle source. There is a two zone distribution of particle concentration along room height far away from the particle source. The human exposure to particles is related to the distance to the particle source. The thermal plume of human can entrain air from below the breathing zone and help improving the quality of the inhaled air.