高速铁路无砟轨道区段轮轨滚动噪声特性分析

Characteristics of Wheel rail Rolling Noise of Ballastless Track in High speed Railway

摘要:

为了预测与控制高速铁路无砟轨道区段轮轨表面粗糙度激扰的轮轨滚动噪声，应用车辆轨道耦合动力学理论和声辐射理论建立了轮轨滚动噪声预测模型，计算分析了无砟轨道结构对轮轨滚动噪声的影响，研究了高速车辆运行于无砟轨道时产生的轮轨滚动噪声的特性，研究结果表明，①在无砟轨道路基区段高速列车运行产生的轮轨滚动噪声中，钢轨辐射的主要是500～2 000 Hz的中、高频噪声，车轮辐射的主要是1 600～4 000 Hz的高频噪声，轨道板或道床板辐射的主要是125～500 Hz频段的噪声；②随着车速增加，轮轨噪声辐射的最大声级相应增加；③轮轨路旁瞬时声压级以钢轨最大，轨道板最小，车轮处于两者之间；④在距线路中心线5~50 m范围内，随着水平距离加倍，高速列车轮轨噪声辐射声级相应地衰减3～6 dB.

Abstract:

In order to predict and control wheel rail noise radiation due to running surface roughness of wheel and rail on the ballastless track in high speed railway, a model was developed based on vehicle track coupled dynamics and acoustics radiation theory to calculate and analyze the influences of ballastless track structure on wheel/rail rolling noise. The acoustics performance of wheel/rail rolling noise caused by high speed train running on the ballastless track was studied. The result shows that rail noise occurs mainly in the middle and high frequency ranges of 500～2 000 Hz; wheel noise is chiefly in the high frequency range of 1 600～4 000 Hz; slab or bed plate noise radiates in the frequency range of 125～500 Hz. The higher the vehicle speed is, the maximum wheel/rail rolling noise pressure level increases. The rail’s instantaneous noise pressure is the highest, wheel’s the second, and the slab’s the last. When a high speed train passes over the ballastless track, the distance from the railway center in the range of 5～50 m doubles, noise pressure level reduces accordingly by 3～6 dB.