城市轨道交通车站接驳范围的计算模型

Attraction Area Model for Urban Rail Transit Stations

摘要:

依据可达性一致原则，建立了基于广义出行费用的城市轨道交通车站接驳范围计算模型，并给出详细算法及案例分析.针对城市居民出行并非全部都以市中心为目的地这一现实情况，引入城市轨道交通可达点的概念并分别赋予权重，解决了既往研究中只取单一目的地的不足；根据车站周边每个交通小区的实际人口结构对出行时间价值进行细化处理；根据实际路网形态计算接驳距离，使之更加接近实际的走行距离；给出求取车站接驳范围的详细算法，并对算法优化进行讨论；最后，利用广东省某市的预测数据对模型进行计算验证.结果表明，接驳范围与车站周边的道路情况、出行分布以及竞争交通方式的服务水平相关，并不是简单的圆形区域.该模型可以为城市轨道交通已建或规划车站确定客流吸引范围提供计算方法，从而为客流预测及接驳交通设施衔接规划提供参考.

Abstract:

A generalized travel cost based model is established to obtain the attraction area of an urban rail transit station according to the uniform accessibility principle. The detailed algorithm as well as a case study is also presented. Based on the fact that city center is not the only destination to all trips, accessible points are used to describe all the possible destinations whose weights are determined by the trip distribution of the whole city. Trip time value is refined by the actual population structure in every traffic zone around the urban rail transit stations. Access distance calculated on the basis of the actual road network becomes more practical. Therefore, a detailed algorithm is given and its method optimization is also discussed. At last, a case study based on the predicted passenger flow data of a city in Guangdong Province verifies the model. The results indicate that the attraction area of a station is related to the road network around, trip distribution and service levels of the competing traffic modes, not just a simple circular region. This model can provide a way to obtain the attraction area of an already existing or a planning station, which is the foundation of passenger flow prediction and facility configuration of all the access modes.