JSC 1A模拟月壤气动开挖试验研究

Experimental Study of Pneumatic Excavation of Lunar Regolith Simulant JSC 1A

摘要:

鉴于月球表面高真空、低重力，以及月壤颗粒极强摩擦性的环境特征，地球上常规的重力式开挖设备在月球上很难完全地发挥其工作性能.而利用高压气体在进入到真空中膨胀的性质来进行月表土壤的开挖,则可避开开挖设备过多的机械摩擦，以及巧妙地利用了月球表面的高真空环境.压缩气体的脉冲喷气方式、开挖设备挖掘管的插入深度、压缩气体的气压值等因素都会影响到气体质量效率，为了研究上述影响因素对于气体质量效率的影响，基于高压气体开挖月表土的理论，自主研发了一套模拟月壤在真空环境下开挖的试验装置.通过对影响气体质量效率的因素进行多工况试验发现：气体质量效率在脉冲喷气方式为开0.5 s、关0.5 s时最大;气体质量效率与挖掘管的插入深度在一定范围内成正比，即挖掘管插入深度越大，气体质量效率越高;气压值则需要设定合理的值才能使气体质量效率最大.

Abstract:

Because of harsh environment on the lunar surface，the conventional terrestrial excavation equipments on the earth can’t perform perfectly on the moon. On the contrary, the utilization of high pressure gas which will expand sharply on the condition of vacuum eliminate the mechanical friction of terrestrial equipment and use the hard vacuum environment intelligently at the same time. The frequency of high pressure gas injection, burial depth of excavation tube and pressure of high pressure gas will make a difference in the mass efficiency（the quality of lunar regolith simulant excavated by 1 g gas），in order to analyze the affection of these three factors to mass efficiency，we invent a test device which work under the vacuum circumstance based on the utilization of high pressure gas. Results of orthogonal test on the factors affecting the efficiency show that the maximum mass efficiency occurs when the frequency of high pressure gas injection was 0.5 s open and 0.5 s closed; the mass efficiency is in direct proportion to burial depth of excavation tube; a reasonable pressure value is in need for maximum quality efficiency.