潮流与泥沙输运对黄骅港工程的响应分析

Responses of Tidal Current and Sediment Transport to Huanghua Port

摘要:

黄骅港的泥沙淤积问题一直是影响通航能力和投资建设的关键因素.黄骅港通过2011年整治工程大大改善了航道的通航能力，并减缓了泥沙的淤积，为港池提供了平稳的水域.基于验证的MIKE 21软件中的潮流和泥沙数学模型，计算分析了2011年工况下港区的潮流场以及泥沙浓度场对工程的响应，并对比分析了有无波浪作用下泥沙浓度场的变化，得出以下结论：防波堤外延把黄骅港分为了两个相对独立的区域，明显的阻流作用迫使潮流携带泥沙沿堤向外海侧搬运；无波浪作用时，港区含沙量在平均值0.02 kg·m-3附近变化，有波浪作用时，含沙量大幅上升，近岸区形成高含沙水体；防波堤阻碍高含沙水流跨过航道，提高了航道的使用寿命.

Abstract:

The sediment deposition problem of Huanghua Port is a key factor to influence the navigation capacity and investment in construction. After the regulation project in 2011, the navigation capacity of Huanghua Port was greatly improved, the sediment siltation was mitigated, and a steady water area was, therefore, provided for harbour basin. On the basis of the verified tidal current and sediment transport mathematical model from MIKE 21 software, the responses of the tidal current field and sediment concentration field to the engineering area of Huanghua Port in 2011 were analyzed. Besides, the changes of sediment concentration in the whole field whether the normal wave being considered or not were compared. The results indicate that the extension of breakwater divides Huanghua Port into two relatively separate regions, and the resistance induced by breakwaters forces the sediment carried by tidal current to transport along the dike seaward; the average sediment concentration in Huanghua Port is about 0.02 kg·m-3 without the effect of wave, however, the sediment concentration increases drastically and forms high sediment concentration zone in offshore water when considering the effect of normal wave; Breakwaters, which can block high concentration of sediment across the channel, improve the service life of the navigation channel.