饮用水中氯代乙酰胺的细胞毒性和遗传毒性

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Chloroacetamides, a Relatively Newly Identified Group of Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water

摘要:

通过细胞增殖实验、单细胞凝胶电泳实验、细胞凋亡实验和细胞周期阻滞实验分别测定了3种氯代乙酰胺(CAcAms)的细胞毒性和遗传毒性，同时结合饮用水中CAcAms的实际浓度水平，分析了3种CAcAms在饮用水中的毒性风险.结果表明，一氯乙酰胺(MCAcAm)在饮用水厂中的浓度低于二氯乙酰胺(DCAcAm)和三氯乙酰胺(TCAcAm)，但由于MCAcAm的毒性较大，其在饮用水厂中的毒性风险高于DCAcAm和TCAcAm.相对于氯消毒，氯胺消毒后的饮用水中CAcAms的浓度较高，从而CAcAms造成的细胞毒性和遗传毒性风险也较高.

Abstract:

We quantified the concentrations of three chloroacetamides (CAcAms) in the final water of five drinking water treatment plants that use either chlorination or chloramination for disinfection and also we evaluated their toxicity in normal rat kidney cells using four in vitro toxicity assays, including cell viability test, single cell gel electrophoresis assay, apoptosis assay, and cell cycle analysis. An overall toxicity calculation suggests that minochloroacetamide (MCAcAm) represents a significantly higher cytotoxic and genotoxic risk than dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) and trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm), albeit MCAcAm concentration was relatively lower than them. Moreover, the toxicity associated with CAcAms was higher in chloraminated waters than that in chlorinated waters due to the higher concentration of CAcAms in chloraminated waters.