创新集群微观空间结构分析

Micro Spatial Structure of Innovation Cluster

摘要:

通过引入探索性空间数据分析方法，聚焦上海杨浦环同济建筑设计产业集群，对其空间形态与集聚性进行了测度.同时着眼于集群内部空间结构分析，对创新集聚性随空间尺度与步长的变化规律进行了探索，并基于其影响因素从水平和垂直两个维度对创新集群网络组织的空间分布规律进行了研究.结果显示：创新集群的空间分布呈现明显的中心 外围模式，这来自于关联效应、知识溢出和其他外部经济所构成的向心力和地租及拥挤效应所产生的离心力两种力场综合交错作用的结果.集群中以同济大学为代表的知识源所形成的“中心”，通过知识和信息交流及制度模式创新与强化所形成的地方化特征，使企业在交通网结构约束下，依据产品性质、规模和技术复杂程度的地方化适宜性进行空间决策，是构成创新集群空间组织模式的核心机制.

关键词:创新集群; 空间结构; 建筑设计; 空间分析; 知识溢出

Abstract:

This paper investigated the spatial pattern and agglomeration of architectural design industry cluster in Yangpu District by introducing the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis. By analyzing the internal spatial structure of cluster, this paper explored the changes of the innovation agglomeration with the spatial scale and step width, and studied the spatial distribution of the cluster network from the horizontal and vertical dimensions respectively based on the analysis of influencing factors. It is discovered that the spatial distribution of innovation cluster displays an obvious core periphery pattern derived from the joint effects of centripetal force consists of correlation effects, knowledge spillovers and other external economic and centrifugal forces generated by land rent and crowdedness. Moreover, the “core” comprised of the knowledge source with Tongji University as a representative created the localized force through the exchange of knowledge and information and enhancement of institutional model. Based on the “core”, the firms make their spatial decision according to the localized suitability of product, scale and complexity of technology with traffic network structure as a constraint, which constitutes the core mechanism of spatial organization pattern of innovation clusters.

Key words:innovation cluster; spatial structure; architectural design; spatial analysis; knowledge spillover