任务分区及工位约束下装配线第二类平衡研究

Assembly Line Balancing Problem2 with Task Zoning Constraints and Workstation Related Constraints

摘要:

装配线平衡直接影响产品产量，也是在装配线布局初始或重构时所必须面临的问题.针对第二类装配线平衡问题（ALBP2），构建了一种考虑优先关系约束、任务分区约束和工位约束的多目标优化模型.为提高模型求解效率，采用逐步缩小节拍搜索范围的动态步长方法，提出基于自动机回溯算法的改进粒子群算法，提高了任务分配合理性，快速搜索出具有最小节拍和负载平滑系数的任务分配方案.引入任务分配矩阵表示每个工位上的任务分配情况，使结果描述更加明确.通过案例分析验证了所提模型和方法的有效性.

关键词:第二类装配线平衡问题; 粒子群算法; 多目标优化; 任务分区约束; 工位约束

Abstract:

The balance of assembly line has a great effect on the output of products, and is also a problem to be dealt with at the phases of designing and reconfiguring. Aimed at the current assembly line balancing problem type2(ALBP2), a multiobjective model was proposed, taking task sequence constraints, task zoning constraints and workstation related constraints into account, to minimize cycle time and workloading smoothness index. First, a dynamic step length method was applied, which gradually shrank the searching span of cycle time, to improve the efficiency of computing. Then, an improved PSO algorithm based on a Back Algorithm (BA) was introduced to promote the rationality of tasksallocating. After that task allocation matrix was described to show details of task allocations in stations and clarify the result. Finally, a case was illustrated to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words:assembly line balancing problem2(ALBP2); PSO algorithm; multiobjective optimization; task zoning constraints; workstation related constraints