蓬莱19-3溢油运移与归宿数值模拟和分析
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同济大学,同济大学,广西壮族自治区交通规划勘察设计研究院,同济大学

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X55; P76

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国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305003);中央分成海域使用金、河北省海洋局和秦皇岛发改委联合专项(2012563)。


Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Transport and Fate of Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill
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    摘要:

    通过耦合水动力模型建立渤海海上溢油运移与归宿数学模型,包含漂移、扩散、蒸发、乳化等过程,通过拉格朗日方法模拟漂移过程、蒙特卡罗方法模拟油粒子扩散的随机性,采用变化的紊动扩散系数使溢油所受紊动扩散作用随时间变化.通过率定得到蓬莱193溢油模拟中风拖拽系数和扩散系数校正参数b的合理取值范围分别为1.4%~2.3%和0.38~0.42.对蓬莱193溢油事故进行了模拟,通过溢油附岸位置与时间验证了模型的准确性.模拟结果表明: 由于风速较大、方向变化较小,风对漂浮于水面上的溢油产生较大作用,且溢油漂移方向与主风向一致;渤海海域内的潮流以往复流、旋转流为主且余流小使其对溢油运移的作用弱于风;溢油初期的蒸发速度较快,后期因挥发组分的减少以及乳化作用使溢油含水率增大使得蒸发速度明显减小;蒸发和附岸是溢油漂浮组分减少的主要原因,也是溢油的主要归宿.

    Abstract:

    The numerical model of oil spill transport and fate in the Bohai Sea is set up by coupling with the hydrodynamic model. The change processes of spilled oil included in the model are drift, dispersion, evaporation, emulsification and so on. The drift process is simulated by the Lagrange method, while the turbulent dispersion process is considered by using the ‘Monte Carlo method’, turbulent dispersion of spilled oil changes over time by using the timevarying turbulent dispersion coefficient. The reasonable ranges of wind drag coefficient and the dispersion correction parameter b for Penglai 193 oil spill model obtained by calibration are 1.4~2.3% and 0.38~0.42, respectively. Then, the Penglai 193 oil spill accident in the Bohai Sea is used to verify the oil spill model by comparing the time and location of spilled oil arrival at shore, and the simulation results are consistent with the actual situation. The numerical results show that the wind, because of its large velocity and small change in direction, plays a major role on the drift of spilled oil floating on the water surface, and the drift direction of spilled oil is roughly the same with the main direction of wind. The effect of the tidal current, which is dominated by reversing current and rotary current with a very weak residual current, to the drift of spilled oil in Bohai Sea is less than the effect of the wind. The evaporation rate of spilled oil is quite large in the initial stage after oil spill, but significantly reduced in the later stage as a result of the reduction of the volatile fraction and the increase of the water content caused by emulsification. The reduction of floating oil is mainly caused by evaporation and sticking that are also the main fates of spilled oil.

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匡翠萍,谢华浪,苏平,陈括.蓬莱19-3溢油运移与归宿数值模拟和分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(10):1585~1594

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  • 收稿日期:2015-02-06
  • 最后修改日期:2016-08-23
  • 录用日期:2016-06-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2016-11-04
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