建筑业全要素生产率的增长特征及其影响因素

Growth Characteristics and Impacting Factors of the Total Factor Productivity in the Construction Industry

摘要:

综合采用基于数据包络分析（DEA）的Malmquist生产率指数分析、β收敛回归检验、灰色关联度分析等方法构建了对建筑业全要素生产率（TFP）增长指数进行综合测算并分析其收敛性及影响因素的框架，对1993—2012年中国建筑业全要素生产率的增长特征及其影响因素进行了分析.研究发现该时期建筑业TFP的年均增长率为4.6%，技术进步是TFP增长的主要源泉，技术效率则未有明显提升；TFP的变动具有明显的阶段性特征，其增长速度在2004—2007年处于最高水平，随后呈下降趋势；全国及东部、中部地区各省份之间TFP增长具有绝对β收敛，西部地区各省份之间的收敛性则不显著；经济环境、行业科技能力、行业市场结构等3类因素的变动与TFP增长存在关联，其中，外资建筑企业比例指数与TFP增长指数具有最高的灰色关联度.

关键词:中国建筑业; 全要素生产率; Malmquist指数; 收敛性; 影响因素

Abstract:

Comprehensively using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based Malmquist index method, the β convergence testing model and the grey relational analysis process, this paper establishes a framework for measuring the total factor productivity (TFP) growth index as well as analyzing the growth convergence and related impacting factors, and uses the framework to empirically investigate the growth characteristics and impacting factors of TFP growth in the Chinese construction industry during the period 1993—2012. The findings show that the average annual TFP growth rate during this period is 4.6%, which is principally driven by the technological change, and that the technological efficiency does not increase substantially. It is also shown that there are significant differences among the changes of TFP during different sub periods. The growth rate reaches its highest level during the period 2004—2007, and then gradually decreases. β convergence tests indicate that there are significant convergences among the TFP growths in the national wide and eastern and central parts of China. The convergence of TFP growth in Western China, however, is not found to be significant. Factors in the areas of economic environment, industry research and technology capability, and industry structure could influence the growth of TFP, and the output percentage index of foreign funded construction enterprises is found to possess the highest grey relational grade with the TFP growth index.

Key words:Chinese construction industry; total factor productivity; Malmquist index; convergence; impacting factors