大学生方程式赛车复合材料单体壳车身优化

Optimization of a Carbon Fiber Composite Monocoque Car Body for Formula Society of Automotive Engineers

摘要:

采用碳纤维和铝蜂窝板为车身主材，对大学生方程式(FSAE)赛车进行了单体壳车身的设计.对比选择了合适的碳纤维复合材料，对单体壳车身的铺层设置先后进行了自由尺寸优化、尺寸优化和铺层优化仿真，并进行了剪切强度和弯曲刚度校核.结果表明，所设计的碳纤维单体壳车身总重24.3 kg，比钢制车架车身质量降低34%，同时车身扭转刚度和弯曲强度达到参考钢制车身指标.通过铺层方向、铺层顺序和铺层数量的合理匹配，可使碳纤维复合材料拥有超过钢制产品的力学性能.

关键词:方程式赛车; 碳纤维; 单体壳车身; 轻量化

Abstract:

A monocoque chassis for racing car was designed with the carbon fiber and aluminum honeycomb as the main materials. Different materials were studied and chosen. The direction, sequence and thickness of each constituent layer were sequently optimized with freesize optimization, size optimization and shuffle optimization. The torsion strength and bending stiffness of the monocoque car body were mechanically and experimently checked. The results show that the mass of the body is 24.3 kg, which is 34% lower than the orignal steel frame, and the torsional stiffness of the designed carbon fiber monocoque car body can reach the same degree with the reference steel frame body. With optimized match of direction, the thickness and sequence of each layer, and carbon fiber composites products can provide more strength and stiffness than steel products.

Key words:Formula Society of Automotive Engineers(FSAE); carbon fiber; monocoque car body; light weighting