基于驾驶模拟的紧急避险车道断面宽度设置

Width of Cross Section on Truck Escape Ramp Based on Driving Simulation

摘要:

在紧急避险车道断面宽度为4.5，7.7，9.0和12.2 m条件下，利用UCWin Road Ver.9驾驶模拟仿真平台测试了5名驾驶员48次驶入紧急避险车道的几何运动参数.选取方向盘转速、方向盘转角、横向偏移率指标分别对车辆驶入紧急避险车道的最小转向半径、方向调整时间、转向角幅值、转向角频率和起弯点指标进行提取，采用多因素方差分析，检验断面宽度、驶入速度、断面宽度与驶入速度的交互作用对5个指标影响的显著性，通过多重分析检验不同断面宽度下各指标差异的显著性.研究结果表明：断面宽度4.5 m时最小转向半径、转向角频率、转向角幅值与其他3组存在显著性差异，失控车速90 km?h-1时车辆即面临侧滑风险，车辆驶入紧急避险车道的难度大，驾驶员心理紧张程度高.仅断面宽度12.2 m时起弯点位于渐变点之后，其起弯点与渐变段起点的差值与其他3组存在显著性差异.断面宽度对方向调整时间影响显著且不同断面间的方向调整时间存在显著差异，方向调整时间与断面宽度呈幂函数关系.综合分析，紧急避险车道的设置宽度不宜低于7.7 m.

Abstract:

Under the circumstance that the cross section width of truck escape ramps is 4.5 meters, 7.7 meters, 9.0 meters, and 12.2 meters, fortyeight groups of motion parameters of motor vehicle driven onto truck escape ramp by 5 drivers were obtained by driving simulation UCWin Road Ver.9. Then, the minimum turning radius, adjusting time, steering angle amplitude, steering angular frequency, and the bending position were extracted using steering velocity index, steering wheel angle, and lateral migration rate. The correlation between the above five indexes and cross section width, operating speed and interaction of cross section width, and operating speed were analyzed by using two ways ANOVA. After that, the significant test of the five indexes at different cross section widths were analyzed by multiple comparison. The research result indicates that the minimum turning radius, steering angle amplitude and steering angular frequency of 4.5 meter cross section widths are significantly different from the other three groups. Errant vehicles are in sideslip risks when their operating speed just reaches 90 km?h-1 at the 4.5 m cross section width. At the same time errant it is difficult for the driver to drive the vehicle into the truck escape ramp successfully and the driver suffer from severe psychological tension. The bending position is prior to the starting point of the transition segment only when the cross section width is 12.2 meters. And the difference between bending position and transition starting point is more significant compared with the other three groups. The cross section width has a significant effect on adjusting time which has a significant differences at different widths. There exists a power function relation between adjusting time and cross section width. Comprehensive analysis shows that the cross section width of truck escape ramp should not be less than 7.7 m.