考虑公交车内拥挤的区间公交优化设计

Design of Shortturning Services for an Urban Bus corridor Considering Passengers’ Congestion

摘要:

为满足公交客流走廊集聚的需求，研究了全程车和区间车形成的多服务模式公交优化设计问题.针对公交走廊需求特征，利用公交客流起止点(OD)数据，建立了双层优化模型，上层模型以发车频率和公交座位数为主要输出参数的公交设计研究模型，下层模型为经典的随机选择（SUE）模型，应用序列二次规划（SQP）算法求解模型.最后结合相关案例给出了优化算例，案例结果表明，模型具有较强的实用性，能够较好地反映公交车内拥挤对乘客出行成本的影响，能有效地提高公交走廊的运营效率.同时，模型通过输出不同站点上车在各站点能找到座位的概率，优化乘客选择不同公交出行的行为，均衡了公交客流，提高了车辆服务质量.

关键词:公交规划; 区间车; 双层模型; 发车频率; 座位数

Abstract:

Based on the urban transportation demand, the paper studied the optimization multiple services approach of bus frequency and bus seats associating with urban transit to transport passengers. For the operation characteristics of a bus corridor, the paper presents a bilevel model for optimization of a bus corridor. The upper optimizing model of minimizes the costs in terms of waiting time, invehicle travel time and operator cost. The models then determine which of these services should be offered at what frequencies and with number of vehicles. The lower model is traditional stochastic user equilibrium(SUE) model. The sequential quadratic programming(SQP) algorithm is developed for constructing optimal approach and proved the ability to find the optimal solution. An application of the models to the case shows that the optimizing models are practical and effective for satisfying the demand of passengers and improving the operating efficiency of bus transit system.

Key words:public transit; shortturning; bilevel model; frequency; bus seats