港口工程建设对渤海湾西南岸水沙动力环境的影响

Impacts of Construction of Harbor Projects on Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Environments in the Southwest of Bohai Bay

摘要:

基于Delft3D数值模拟软件建立渤海湾西南岸二维潮流、波浪和泥沙输运数学模型.运用验证合理的模型研究近20年的港口工程建设对渤海湾西南岸水沙动力特征的累积影响以及黄骅、滨州两港水沙动力的相互作用.结果表明,港口工程建设使渤海湾西南岸逐渐形成3个相对独立的海区；波流耦合作用下，全潮平均含沙量分布情况基本与纯潮流时相似，但量值提高近8倍.沿岸流的增强使含沙量等值线趋于与岸线平行，涨潮输沙量的增加使黄骅港以西，黄骅、滨州两港之间以及滨州港以东近岸区域的泥沙含量比例重新分配；总体看来，连片港口工程建设使渤海湾西南岸逐步达到新的输沙平衡状态.黄骅港综合港区与滨州港防波堤一期工程（2012年）与规划工程（2020年）可分别削弱正常天气、常浪天气下港区间泥沙相互输运的影响.

Abstract:

A 2DH hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical model was established based on Delft3D. The validated model was applied to study the cultivated impact of the construction of harbor projects on the characteristics of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in the southwest of Bohai Bay and their interaction between Huanghua Harbor and Binzhou Harbor for nearly 20 years. The results indicate that the construction of harbor projects gradually divides the southwest of Bohai Bay into 3 independent regions. Under the wavecurrent interaction, the distributions of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) over a tidal circle are similar to the ones under pure current, but the magnitude increases eight times. The contour of SSC is parallel to the coastline on account of the enhancement of alongshore current while the proportion of nearshore SSC in the west of Huanghua Harbor, middle of Huanghua Harbor and Binzhou Harbor and east of Binzhou Harbor is redistributed on account of the increase of sediment load during flood. Overall, after the construction harbor projects, the southwest part of Bohai Bay gradually reaches its new equilibrium of sediment transport. The project of Huanghua and Binzhou Harbor in 2012 and their planning project in 2020 can reduce the impact of sediment transport between harbors in normal weather and normal wave weather, respectively.