城市有轨电车碰撞联合仿真分析

Research on the city tram collision simulation

摘要:

本文提出非线性有限元和多刚体动力学联合仿真的方法对现代有轨电车碰撞进行模拟,该方法可广泛适用于轨道车辆碰撞事故的重现、车辆结构的被动安全设计以及后续性能优化。仿真计算结果表明,有轨电车与刚性障碍物倾斜碰撞的过程中,碰撞角度对车辆是否脱轨具有决定性的影响。随着碰撞角度的增加,车辆脱轨的风险急剧上升。通常情况下为了防止有轨电车碰撞脱轨,最大的撞击角度应低于25°。此外,轮轨摩擦系数对有轨电车碰撞过程中的脱轨也具有明显的影响。当轮轨摩擦系数由于雨雪等气候因素降低时,一方面车辆所需要的制动距离明显增加,更容易造成有轨电车碰撞事故的发生；另一方面钢轨对于车轮运动的抑制作用减弱,加大了车辆脱轨的风险。

Abstract:

In this paper a simulation strategy based on the coupling finite element analyse and multi-body dynamics has been proposed for the collision analyse between a city tram and an oblique obstacle. This simulation strategy is suitable for railway vehicles in terms of collision simulation、crashworthy design and structural optimisation. According to the simulation results the impact angle has been identified as the most determinate factor during the collision between a city tram and an oblique obstacle. With the increased impact angle, the derailment risk of the collided city tram rise significantly. In order to avoid the derailment the maximum impact angle should be reduced to 25°. Besides that, the derailment risk of the collided city tram is also affected by the friction coefficient between wheel and rail. The reduced friction coefficient due to bad weather decreases the wheel-rail forces against the lateral motion of wheel sets. As a result, the collided city tram is more likely to derail.