地铁车辆电机悬挂系统的解耦优化

Decoupling Optimum Design of Motor Suspension System for Metro Vehicles

摘要:

将地铁车辆电机考虑成具有6个自由度的空间刚体，建立电机的自由振动方程，以解耦度为优化目标，以电机横移及浮沉振型频率为约束条件，基于遗传算法对电机悬挂系统各橡胶元件的三向刚度进行优化设计；结合某地铁车辆动力学模型以及现场试验，对比分析电机采取刚性吊挂方案和解耦优化的弹性吊挂方案时转向架和车体的振动及受力情况.分析结果表明，电机各阶刚体振型可获得良好的解耦度，最高的达到了100%，频率分布与期望值基本一致；与刚性吊挂方案相比，当电机采取解耦优化的弹性吊挂方案后，可以有效降低转向架关键部位的振动以及动荷载，从而有效降低转向架的疲劳损伤.

关键词:地铁车辆; 电机; 悬挂系统; 解耦度; 频率分布

Abstract:

The motor was considered as a rigid body with 6 degrees of freedom, the free vibration equation of the suspension system was established. Taking the decoupling degree as the optimization goal, the motor traverse and floatation frequency as the constraints, the threedimensional stiffness of the rubber elements of the motor suspension system is optimized based on the genetic algorithm. Combined with a subway vehicle dynamics model and field tests, the vibration and stress of the bogie and car body were analyzed when the rigid suspension scheme and the decoupling optimum elastic suspending scheme were adopted. Results show that each rigid mode of the motor can obtain a good decoupling degree, the highest decoupling degree reached 100%, frequencies distribution and expected value are basically the same. Compared with the rigid suspension scheme, when the motor adopts the elastic suspension scheme with optimized decoupling, it can effectively reduce the vibration and dynamic load of the critical parts of the bogie, which effectively reduces the fatigue damage of the bogie.

Key words:metro vehicles; motor; suspension system; decoupling degree; frequencies distribution