Characteristics of vehicle fuel/emissions are related to vehicle driving mode. To improve the accuracy of vehicle fuel/emissions estimation, a modal-activity based vehicle fuel/emissions estimation method is proposed using spare mobile sensor data. The proposed method is calibrated and validated using the real-world vehicle trajectory data. Result reveals that our proposed method shows good performance on vehicle fuel/emissions estimation. The findings of our research can enhance the applicability of spare mobile sensor data and provide a new methodology to estimate vehicle fuel/emissions.