Abstract:This paper draws on a theoretical model focusing on the relationship between the agglomeration of human resource and capability of science and technology innovation, by using hierarchical regressions analysis with provincial panel data from 2010 to 2014. The results indicate that agglomeration of human resources contract value of regional techmarket, the share of “211 project” universities and the share of high technology firms have all positive influence on science and technology innovation. Moreover, agglomeration of human resource has a totally mediating effect on the relationship between contract values of regional techmarket, the share of “211 project” universities and innovation capability of science technology; while also has a partially mediating effect on the relation between the share of high technology firms and innovation capability of science technology.