弹性工作制下出行在时间维度上的分布机理

Impacts of Flexible Working Arrangement on Departure Patterns

摘要:

考虑完全弹性和不同弹性员工比例的弹性工作制度，构建了区别于传统弹性系数法的出行行为模型，通过解析法和仿真法探究了弹性工作制以及弹性员工比例对调节出行在时间维度上分布的影响机制.结果表明：弹性工作制可以在时间维度上分散出行，缓解交通拥堵；随着弹性员工比例的增加，路网平均行程时间减少，弹性员工的行程时间基本不变，非弹性员工的行程时间则下降明显，但对交通拥堵的缓解效果逐渐减弱.

关键词:弹性工作制; 核心工作时段; 活动效用模型; 用户均衡

Abstract:

In this paper, we establish an activitybased behavioral model for a specific flexible working arrangement (FWA) which is composed of core and flexible working times. The proposed behavioral model is distinguished from the traditional model with flexible parameters. Both analytical and simulationbased approaches are employed to analyze the impacts of FWA with different percentages of flexicommuters on the departure patterns and delays. The results show that FWA has positive effects on relieving congestion. The average travel time decreases with the increasing percentages of flexicommuters, especially for fixedtime commuters. However, the effects diminish gradually.

Key words:flexible working arrangement; core working time; activitybased utility model; user equilibrium