结合研发转化过程的智能汽车企业运营效率评价

Evaluation of Operational Efficiency with the Consideration of Corresponding Innovation Process for Companies in Intellectual Vehicle Industry

摘要:

将智能汽车企业运营分为研发转化和生产经营两个阶段进行效率评价.选取上海、深圳证券交易所上市的24家智能汽车概念板块公司，采用二阶段数据包络分析模型，从多年度和多企业类型角度分别对2010~2015年智能汽车企业运营效率进行分析.基于多年度视角分析表明，2013年企业研发转化效率略有下降，在2014与2015年其呈现上升趋势，生产经营效率较为稳定.研究发现，企业整体运营综合效率与研发转化效率存在显著相关性.基于企业类型视角分析表明，企业研发效率较低，说明多数企业与标杆企业相比存在差距，尤其是在智能决策和网络信息领域；而生产经营效率均较高.通过投影分析发现，企业研发投入结构不合理、研发人员能力参差不齐是主要原因.

Abstract:

Research and innovation play an important role in development of high-tech companies. With the consideration of innovation process, this paper divides the operation of intelligent automobile enterprises into two stages by date envelopment analysis (DEA) analysis, i.e., stages of innovation process and production process. This paper measures the operational efficiency considering corresponding innovation process for companies in intellectual vehicle industry. Efficiencies of 24 related public companies are estimated by a two-stage DEA model during 2010~2015. The conclusions of the study that the efficiency of the innovation stage decreased slightly in 2013 and shows an increasing trend between 2014 and 2015. The efficiency of operation stage keeps constant. It is discovered that the comprehensive efficiency of enterprises is more relevant to innovation efficiency in the correlation analysis. Compared with the efficiencies of operational stage, innovation efficiency for each company is quite low, which indicates that there is still a huge gap between the benchmarking enterprises and other enterprises, especially for the companies of manufacturing advanced driver assistant system, automatic control and operating system. Moreover, the unreasonable funding and lack of R & D capability are the main reasons for the low efficiency of the innovation process.