面向单体异形建筑的无人机单相机实景三维建模

True 3D Modelling Towards a Specialshaped Building Unit by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a Single Camera

摘要:

针对单体异形建筑的实景三维建模问题，提出一种无人机单相机建模方法，选用小型旋翼无人机和单相机作为航摄装备，建立环绕式的无人机航路，实现对单体建筑自动化的多高度、多角度三维立体观测.使用新方法和广泛使用的无人机倾斜摄影建模方法分别对同一单体异形建筑进行影像数据采集，并对数据进行处理生成实景三维模型.结果表明，新方法相对于无人机倾斜摄影建模方法，在保证建模精度不降低的前提下提升了建模效率和建模质量.

关键词:无人机; 倾斜摄影（UAV）; 异形建筑; 三维建模

Abstract:

Aiming at true 3D modelling of a specialshaped building unit, a photogrammetry method based on UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) equipped with a single camera was proposed. The proposed method employs a small rotor UAV and a camera with its direction adjustable as an aerial photogrammetry system, which can automatically capture images surrounding a building unit from multiple flying heights and multiple angles of view. A real urban specialshaped building unit was modelled by two methods including popular UAV oblique photogrammetry and the proposed method. The results indicated that the proposed method achieved higher efficiency and quality of modelling without precision degraded than UAV oblique photogrammetry.

Key words:unmanned aerial vehicle; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); oblique photogrammetry; specialshaped building; 3D modelling