高速列车车内“声振”特性试验

Experimental on the Characteristics of “SoundVibration” in High Speed Train

摘要:

为分析高速列车车内低频噪声主要来源，利用振动声辐射理论研究了车内声场特性与内饰板振动的关系.实验室半实物试验结果表明，内饰板振动和车内声场耦合响应特性在空气声和结构声传播过程中具有普遍适用性.应用该方法对某高速列车不同速度级、明线和隧道运行条件下的车内噪声特性进行分析.结果表明，列车运行速度越高，内饰板低频振动幅值增加越显著，这导致车内低频噪声的峰值更加突出.对于350 km?h-1速度工况，明线工况的低频噪声峰值主要来源于地板结构声辐射，而隧道环境下的噪声增加主要来源于侧墙和车顶结构的声辐射，并对各面板贡献度进行了定量化计算.最后，用工况噪声传递路径分析（OTPA）方法开展了噪声源贡献度定量化计算，结果表明，气动噪声所占比重最大，但振动激励的总和达60%，尤其是160Hz的峰值频率处，风机振动激励的贡献度最大.

Abstract:

To analyze the main sources of low frequency noise in highspeed trains, the structural vibration and acoustic radiation theory was used to study the relationship between the characteristics of the sound field in the vehicle and the vibration of the interior plates. The experimental results show that the vibration of the interior plate and the coupling response characteristic of the sound field in the vehicle are universally applicable in the process of acoustic and structural sound propagation. This method is applied to analyze the noise characteristics of a highspeed train under different speed levels, open lines and tunnel conditions. The results show that, the higher the running speed of the train, the more significant the amplitude of the low frequency vibration of the interior panel increases, which leads to the peak of the low frequency noise in the car. Under 350km?h-1 operating conditions, the low frequency noise peak mainly originates from the floor vibration and the increase of the noise in the tunnel environment is due to the sidewalls and ceilings acoustic radiation. The contribution of each panel was quantified. Finally, the operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) method was used to quantitatively calculate the noise contribution of noise sources. The results show that the aerodynamic noise proportion is the largest, but the sum total of vibration excitation of 60%, especially at the peak frequency of 160 Hz, the contribution of the cooling fan vibration is the largest.