生物柴油公交车颗粒物可溶有机组分和多环芳烃排放

Emission Characteristics of Soluble Organic Fraction and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from a Diesel Bus Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil-based Biodiesel Blends

摘要:

以一辆国Ⅴ柴油公交车为研究对象，在重型底盘测功机上运行中国典型城市公交循环，试验研究了柴油（D100），废食用油制生物柴油柴油体积混合比例分别为5%、10%和20%的B5、B10、B20燃油的颗粒物可溶有机物（Soluble Organic Fraction, SOF）和多环芳烃（Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs）排放特性.结果表明：国Ⅴ公交车排放的SOF组分主要集中于粒径0.1～0.5 μm的细颗粒，脂肪酸以碳原子数8～18的偶数碳脂肪酸为主，烷烃组分的碳原子数为16～36，随碳原子数的增加呈双峰分布，PAHs以3环和4环PAHs为主；与柴油比较，国Ⅴ公交车燃用生物柴油的颗粒物质量、脂肪酸、烷烃、PAHs排放因子降低，颗粒物中SOF比例增大，3环PAHs减少，PAHs等效毒性与柴油基本相当.

Abstract:

An investigation was made on a diesel bus certified to CHINA V emission standards, and a test was conducted on the bus cycle on a heavy chassis dynamometer in China typical cities, the buses of which were fueled with diesel (D100), 5%, 10%, 20% waste cooking oil bend with diesel fuel (i.e. B5, B10, B20 respectively) to understand the emission characteristics of soluble organic fraction (SOF) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results show that SOF component emitted by CHINA V bus is mainly concentrated on fine particles with size of 0.1~0.5 μm, fatty acids are mainly composed of even carbon fatty acids with 8~18 carbon atoms, as well as the alkane component’s carbon number is 16~36, the alkane component has a bimodal distribution as the number of carbon atoms increases. And the number of rings of PAHs is mainly 3rings or 4rings. Compared with diesel, the particulate matter quality, fatty acid, alkane and PAHs emission factors of CHINA V bus fueled with biodiesel reduces, the ratio of SOF in particulates increases, 3-ring PAHs declines, and the particulate matter toxicity of biodiesel is basically the same as that of diesel.