高速列车底部结构参数对气动阻力作用规律

Influence Laws Between Underbody Structure Parameters of High Speed Train and Aerodynamic Drag

摘要:

高速列车的转向架区域是气动减阻研究的重点.通过样条曲线方法建立了高速列车底部结构的7参数化模型，采用计算流体力学及超拉丁立方抽样试验设计方法，研究了底部结构参数对高速列车气动阻力的影响规律.结果表明：底部结构参数对于三车总阻力、头、中、尾各节车气动阻力的影响分别为27%、37%、39%和22%，三车气动阻力对裙板高度、排障器厚度、舱前缘倒角最为敏感.但头、中、尾车影响规律不同于三车，有必要考虑对头、中、尾三车底部结构分别进行气动设计，以达到最优的减阻效果.底部结构参数主要影响列车底部平均流速改变底部结构所受气动阻力，进而影响高速列车气动阻力.

Abstract:

The bogie areas of a high-speed train are the focus of aerodynamic drag reduction research. A 7-parameters model of high-speed train underbody structure was established by spline curve method. The influence laws between underbody structure parameters of a high-speed train and aerodynamic drag were studied by computational fluid dynamics and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) experimental method. The results show that 27%, 37%, 39% and 22% aerodynamic drag changed in the three cars model, head, middle and tail car with varying underbody parameters, respectively. The height of side cover, height of cowcatcher, radius of bogie cavity leading edge are most sensitive parameters to drag of three car model. However, the influences between underbody structure parameters and the aerodynamic drag are different for the three cars model and each car model. In order to achieve a better drag reduction, it is necessary to consider the aerodynamic design of underbody structures of the head, middle and tail car, respectively. The underbody structure parameters mainly influence the aerodynamic drag of the underbody structure by affecting the mean velocity beneath the train body, therefore, the aerodynamic drag of a high-speed train is influenced.