基于轮轨接触特征的转辙器区钢轨廓形设计

Design of Rail Profile in Switch Area Based on Wheel / Rail Contact Characteristics

摘要:

针对道岔转辙器区钢轨容易出现伤损及寿命短等问题，根据轮轨接触理论，提出了以滚动圆半径差函数和轮轨间接触点均匀分布为主要的设计目标，以轮轨接触点的位置为边界条件，利用欧拉积分方法求解微分方程，从而获得钢轨打磨的目标廓形的方法，并编制了相应的计算程序，进行了实例验证.结果表明，优化后的钢轨与车轮有更合理的匹配性，改善了车辆通过道岔时的动力学性能，减小了轮轨间的接触应力，使得接触分布和磨耗更加均匀，从而能延长钢轨使用寿命.

Abstract:

In view of existing serious failures and short service life of rails in the switch area of railway turnouts, based on the wheel-rail contact theory, the method employs the rolling radius difference function and the uniform distribution of the wheel-rail contact points for the primary design objectives. Using the position of the wheel-rail contact points as a boundary condition, the Euler method was adopted to solve the differential equation and obtained the target profile of rail grinding. A computer program based on this method was developed and is validated by way of examples. After the optimization, rail and wheel profiles are better matched, which improves the dynamic performance of rail vehicles crossing turnouts and reduces the wheel-rail contact stress. As a result, the distributions of contact points and wear are more uniform, leading to a prolonged rail service life.