基于浮动单元的职住平衡尺度分析方法

Analysis Method of Jobs-housing Balance Scale Based on Floating Unit

摘要:

以职住比作为测度指标，基于地理信息系统（GIS）软件生成的浮动单元进行空间范围平衡度分析，进而通过累积统计指标变化曲线和数值分布的可视化，得到超大城市的就业中心、居住区和一般建设区的职住平衡空间尺度.采用上海岗位、人口、路网等基础数据，以80%、85%、95%等不同收敛值的路网距离阈值筛选结果，研究表明，就业中心的职住平衡空间尺度最大，按85%的收敛值，其浦西部分为15~25 km，浦东部分为20~28 km；就业次中心为4~10 km.其他区域的平衡尺度由就业中心决定，随着与中心的距离增大而扩大、由3 km向外扩展到8~17 km，邻近就业次中心的区域平衡尺度因叠加效应而缩小.该方法亦能用于职住空间结构和就业、居住可达性等分析，通过与岗位、居民通勤距离进行对比，有助于解释职住空间错位与长距离通勤交通现象的关联和内在原因.

关键词:职住平衡; 空间尺度; 浮动单元; 就业中心; 通勤距离

Abstract:

Based on the calculation of the ratios of employment to population within floating units generated by the software of geographic information system(GIS), the spatial scale and degree of balance are analyzed. With the visualization of change curve and numerical distributions of the cumulative statistical indicators, spatial scales of jobs-housing balance for the employment center and sub-centers, residential communities and other areas in a mega city are obtained. Based on the data of jobs, population, road network in Shanghai, in case of different convergence values, such as 80%, 85% and 95%, the employment center has the largest scale of jobs-housing balance. By 85%, it is about 15 to 25 km for Puxi area, while Pudong area varies from 20 to 28 km. For employment sub-centers, the scales are 4 to 10 km. The balance scales of other zones are determined by the employment center as well as sub-centers. As the distance from the centers increases, it is expanded from 3 km to 8 km, even 17 km. This method could be used to analyze the urban spatial structure and jobs or housing accessibility. By employment and residential commuting distance analysis, it is expected to explain the phenomena and internal causes of jobs-housing mismatch and long-distance commuting.

Key words:Jobs-housing balance; spatial scale; floating unit; employment center; commuting distance