质子交换膜燃料电池建模研究评述

A Review of Modeling for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

摘要:

车用动态工况下，质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）内部压力、温度和气体浓度直接影响整个系统的性能和耐久性，因此需要借助数学模型分析电池内部传质、传热和化学反应过程，以优化燃料电池系统设计及控制。然而，燃料电池是一个非线性、多输入、强耦合的系统，模型的建立涉及从原子分子级尺度，到材料晶格结构级尺度，再到部件、电堆和系统级尺度。针对多尺度建模问题，从关键部件、单体、电堆及系统等角度，对不同尺度的建模方法进行全面梳理，并阐述了未来建模的挑战及发展趋势。

Abstract:

Under dynamic conditions of vehicles, the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can be directly affected by internal parameters such as pressure, temperature, and gas concentration. In order to optimize the PEMFC system design and control, it is crucial to gain a more in-depth understanding of the relevant operation phenomena, including internal mass transfer, heat transfer, and chemical reaction processes. As a nonlinear, multi-input, strongly coupled system, the PEMFC involves from the atomic/molecular scale over the mesoscale of structures and materials up to components, stack, and system levels. Thus, the modeling methods of different scales from the perspectives of critical components, cells, stacks, and systems are reviewed, and the challenges and development trend of future models are expounded.