基于电磁作用增加轮轨黏着力的仿真研究

Simulation Research on Increasing Wheel-Rail Adhesion Based on Electromagnetic Effect

摘要:

针对列车牵引和制动时黏着力不足的问题，基于电磁作用原理提出一种安装在转向架上的新型电磁增黏装置。围绕高速旋转车轮，设置电磁线圈，建立电磁增黏装置基本结构模型，在车轮与钢轨之间形成电磁场，分析轮轨之间电磁作用力随列车速度的变化规律，以及电磁吸力对轮轨黏着力的影响。通过调整线圈高度和厚度比例及围绕车轮上下空间的布置，强化轮轨接触附近的磁场强度和磁力线分布，设计电磁增黏装置导磁外壳形式和气隙控制磁路的导向及作用范围，同时考虑车辆限界及安装条件，优化性能和结构参数。仿真结果表明，电磁增黏装置可以明显提高各个速度阶段轮轨之间垂向压力，增加轮轨黏着力；同时，通过调节两侧车轮压力，可提高列车运行平稳性。

Abstract:

Aimed at the problem of insufficient adhesion during train traction and braking, a novel electromagnetic thickening device mounted on the bogie is proposed based on the principle of electromagnetic action. Around the high-speed rotating wheel,the electromagnetic coil is set, the basic structural model of the electromagnetic thickening device is established,an electromagnetic field between the wheel and the rail is formed, and the variation law of the electromagnetic force between the wheel and the rail with the train speed, and the impact of electromagnetic attraction on the wheel rail adhesion are analyzed. By adjusting the coil height and thickness ratio and the arrangement around the upper and lower spaces of the wheel, the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field line distribution near the wheel-rail contact are strengthened, and the electromagnetically-adhesive device magnetic conductive shell form and the air gap control magnetic circuit are guided and scoped, and the vehicle is considered,taking into consideration the limit and installation conditions to optimize performance and structural parameters. The simulation results show that the electromagnetic thickening device can significantly improve the vertical pressure between the wheel and rail at each speed stage, and can increase the wheel-rail adhesion. At the same time, by adjusting the pressure at both sides of the wheel, the running stability of the train can be improved.