关税影响下跨国供应链的订单分配决策

Order Allocation Decision of the Transnational Supply Chain Under Tariff Increases

摘要:

以受到中美贸易战影响的某个处于跨国供应链中的美国企业为研究对象，为了降低美国对从中国进口的部分商品增加关税这一举措带来的负面影响，帮助该企业对增税之前全部由中国供应商制造的产品订单进行决策，决策内容包括增税后是否将中国订单转移至其他国家以及产品在美国销售时的零售价，基于每一种订单分配方案建立利润模型并进行求解计算，得出最优方案。分析结果表明，增加关税后处于跨国供应链中的中国与美国企业均受到了负面影响。另外，对若干影响决策结果的参数进行灵敏度分析，基于分析结果给出一些参考建议。

关键词:关税税率;订单分配;出口价格;市场转移;美国零售价

Abstract:

In order to reduce the negative impact of the U.S. increase in tariffs on some goods imported from China, and to help the enterprise make decisions on orders of products manufactured by Chinese suppliers before the increase in tariffs, a U.S. enterprise in a transnational supply chain affected by the Sino-U.S. trade war was taken as the research object. The decision included whether to transfer Chinese orders to other countries after tax increase and the retail price of products sold in the United States. Based on each order distribution scheme, the profit model was established and solved to get the optimal scheme. The analysis results show that both Chinese and American enterprises in the transnational supply chain have been negatively affected by the tariff increase. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of several parameters affecting the decision results was carried out, and some suggestions were given based on the analysis results.

Key words:tariff rate;order allocation;export price;market transfer;US retail price