数字孪生驱动的冬奥场馆消防安全动态疏散方法

Dynamic Fire Evacuation Guidance Method for Winter Olympic Venues Based on Digital Twin-Driven Model

摘要:

提出了一种数字孪生驱动的消防疏散动态引导方法，解决了目前建筑物安全疏散表达方式以二维为主，疏散路径规划不能根据火灾的发展态势实时动态地进行，且不能考虑人员的位置因素等问题。该方法综合利用BIM（building information modeling）和物联网搭建面向疏散的数字孪生模型，并整合该模型中的空间、室内环境和人员位置信息，利用Dijkstra算法进行疏散路径规划。以2020年北京冬奥会雪车雪橇场馆中某建筑为例，该模型较好地实现了环境信息实时采集、室内布局三维可视、火灾警报、室内人员定位、疏散路径规划等功能。

Abstract:

A dynamic guidance solution based on “digital twin-driven model” for fire evacuation was proposed to solve the prevalent problems of building emergency evacuation. And this model can also solve the problems that the current expression of building safety evacuation was mainly two-dimensional, and the evacuation path planning couldn’t be carried out in real time and dynamically according to the development trend of fire, and the location of people couldn’t be considered. The proposed method used BIM (building information modeling) and IoT (internet of things) to build a digital twin-driven model for evacuation, integrated the information of space, indoor environment and personnel location in the proposed model, and used Dijkstra algorithm for evacuation path planning. Taking a building in the bobsleigh and sled stadium of the 2020 Beijing Winter Olympic Games as an example, the proposed model could well realize the functions of real-time collection of environmental information, 3D visualization of indoor layout, fire alarm, indoor personnel positioning, evacuation path planning, etc.