中美地铁车站火灾疏散设计规范对比与分析

Comparative Study of Subway Station Evacuation Design of PR China and USA

摘要:

通过比较分析中国现行的《地铁设计规范》与美国消防协会最新的《轨道交通客运系统标准》在火灾情况下地铁车站的紧急疏散计算方法、各类疏散设施的指标取值,指出中国规范中自动扶梯的疏散通行能力取值偏高,没有明确给出各类疏散设施的疏散步行速度等指标,同时提出中国规范在疏散设计规定方面的不足,为日后规范的修订与完善提供参考.

Abstract:

Based on a comparative study of the fire emergency evacuation design specified in China’s current “Subway Design Specifications” and “NFPA 130 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems2007 Edition” by National Fire Proteciton Association,deficiencies of“Subway Design Specifications”are revealed.The escalator capacity is expected to be too large,and walking speed of passengers by means of evacuation facility is not well defined.In addition,the evacuation design is not well specified.Finally,the paper presents some proposals for improving “Subway Design Specifications” of China.