基于黏着力观测器的列车空气制动防滑控制

Anti-Skid Control Based on Adhesion Force Observer for Train Pneumatic Braking

摘要:

针对列车制动过程中因黏着条件恶化导致滑行的问题，提出基于黏着力观测器的新型防滑控制方法。采用观测器对制动过程中的利用黏着力进行实时观测，并基于轮对滑移率和车辆减速度设计防滑控制器进行防滑控制。采用Polach模型模拟轮轨间黏着力对控制器进行了仿真验证，结果表明新型防滑控制方法在持续低黏着和黏着条件2次突变的这2种不利工况下都能准确观测得到利用黏着力，使轮对的滑行程度得到有效控制，并能充分利用轮轨黏着。同时，本控制器通过在防滑过程中不断修正目标制动力，实现制动缸压力的平滑调节，避免了压缩空气的频繁反复充排。

Abstract:

To solve the problem of skidding due to the deterioration of adhesion conditions during train braking， a novel anti-skid control method based on adhesion force observer was proposed. Using the observer to observe the use of adhesion force in real time during braking， and based on the slip ratio of the wheelset and the deceleration of the vehicle， an anti-skid controller was designed to control the wheel slide. The Polach model was used to simulate the wheel-rail adhesion force to verify the controller. The results show that the anti-skid control method proposed can accurately observe the use of adhesion force under the conditions of continuous low adhesion and two-step changes in adhesion. Besides， the degree of sliding of the wheelset can be effectively controlled and a better use of adhesion is realized. During the anti-skid process， this controller can also modify the braking force continuously， so that the brake cylinder pressure can be adjusted smoothly， which avoids frequent and cycled charging and discharging of compressed air.