耦合气动参数与车身姿态变化的圈速仿真

Lap Simulation of Coupling Change of Aerodynamic Parameters and Body Attitude

摘要:

以大学生方程式赛车为对象展开圈速仿真研究，综合考虑离地间隙和偏航角与阻力系数、升力系数之间的关系，采用试验和数值仿真相结合的方法，研究行驶中车身姿态变化对方程式赛车气动特性的影响。首先，对现有车辆气动模型进行修正，再利用龙格库塔方法对速度积分进行圈速仿真，并与商业软件Optimumlap的仿真结果进行对比。结果表明，基于气动参数与车身姿态耦合关系建立的模型对于圈速仿真有着更为准确的描述；忽略气动变化影响会高估过弯时轮胎的抓地力，且在不考虑载荷转移的同时低估赛车的加速性能，从而高估阻力对于圈速的影响；考虑载荷转移的模型，不同赛道对阻力的敏感程度不同。为改进赛车空气动力学设计提供参考。

Abstract:

A lap simulation study was conducted taking Formula Racing of college students as the object. By comprehensively considering the relationship between ground clearance and yaw angle and the drag coefficient and lift coefficient， the influence of body attitude change on aerodynamic characteristics of formula racing was studied combining experiment with numerical simulation. First， the existing vehicle aerodynamic model was modified. Then， the Longge-Kuta method was used to simulate the lap speed of the speed integral， which was compared with the simulation results of the commercial software Optimumlap. The results show that the model based on the coupling relationship between aerodynamic parameters and body attitude can more accurately describe lap simulation. Besides， ignoring the effect of aerodynamic changes， the grip of the tire during cornering will be overestimated， and the acceleration performance without considering the load transfer will be underestimated， thus overestimating the effect of drag on lap speed. Moreover， considering the model of load transfer， different tracks are found to have different sensitivities to drag. The lap simulation model provides reference for improving the aerodynamic design of racing cars.