基于眼动指标的公路隧道洞口景观设计舒适性及 安全性评价

Comfort and Safety Evaluation of Tunnel Portal Landscape Design Based on Eye Movement Index

摘要:

基于云南省板仑隧道洞口景观设计方案，选取洞门线型、洞门颜色、洞口绿化及洞门肌理4个主要影响因素，采用正交试验设计方法，建立9种模型方案。利用自主研发的驾驶模拟试验系统及眼动仪设备开展驾驶模拟试验，选取瞳孔直径和视线偏离时间作为评价指标。结果表明：4个因素对行车舒适性及安全性的影响排序为洞门肌理>洞口绿化>洞门颜色>洞门线型；模型5（绿色端墙、壁画装饰、城墙式、洞口一般绿化）和模型9（灰色端墙、壁画装饰、曲线型、洞口精致绿化）的景观设计方案出现了驾驶分心现象，存在驾驶安全隐患。基于试验结果，从美学角度对隧道洞口景观设计提出了优化建议。

关键词:隧道洞口景观;驾驶模拟试验;舒适性;安全性;眼动指标

Abstract:

Based on the portal landscape design scheme of Ban-lun Tunnel in Yunnan Province， we selected four primary influencing factors including portal linetype， portal color， portal greening， and portal texture. An orthogonal experimental design was adopted， and nine model schemes were established. A driving simulation test was conducted using a driving simulation test system and eye tracker， meanwhile， the pupil diameter and the sight deviation time were selected as evaluation indexes. The results show that in terms of portal landscape driving comfort， the order of importance of the four factors is as follows： portal texture， portal greening， portal color， and portal linetype. The distractions of drivers appear in the fifth model （green end wall， mural， city wall type， and natural greening）， and the ninth model （grey end wall， mural， arc line type， elaborate greening）， leading to the potential safety hazard of driving. Based on the experimental results， some optimization suggestions were put forward for the tunnel portal landscape design from the aesthetic aspect.

Key words:tunnel portal landscape;driving simulation test;comfort;safety;eye movement index