林可霉素和3种大环内酯类抗生素对厌氧 消化的影响

Effect of Lincomycin and Three Macrolide Antibiotics on Anaerobic Digestion

摘要:

林可霉素和3种大环内酯类抗生素（红霉素、螺旋霉素、阿奇霉素）在医疗和畜禽养殖等多个领域应用广泛，并且能够通过制药废水、畜禽废水以及市政污泥的排放和处理等多种途径进入环境。厌氧消化是有效处理抗生素废水的常用方法。从典型废水中抗生素浓度分布和对厌氧消化代谢过程的影响角度出发，总结了厌氧消化对上述抗生素的响应特征。结果表明：林可霉素和3种大环内酯类抗生素在低浓度时促进厌氧消化产甲烷，高浓度时抑制厌氧消化产甲烷，主要通过厌氧消化产甲烷过程中挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）的累积，以及某些挥发性脂肪酸氧化菌活性和产甲烷古菌活性的降低来抑制厌氧消化产甲烷。最后，探讨了上述抗生素厌氧生物降解的代谢途径和缓解抗生素对厌氧消化抑制的方法。

Abstract:

Lincomycin and three macrolide antibiotics （erythromycin， spiramycin， azithromycin） are widely used in medical， livestock and poultry industries， and distributed to the environment through the discharge， treatment and disposal of pharmaceutical wastewater， livestock wastewater and municipal sludge. Anaerobic digestion is a common method to effectively treat antibiotic wastewater. In view of the concentration distribution of these antibiotics in typical wastewater and their effects on anaerobic digestion and metabolism， the response characteristics of anaerobic digestion to these four antibiotics were summarized. The results show that lincomycin and three macrolide antibiotics can promote the anaerobic digestion of methane at low concentrations but inhibit the methane production at high concentrations. The inhibition effect is mainly caused by the accumulation of volatile fatty acids（VFAs） and the decreased activities of some VFA-oxidizing bacteria and methanogens. Finally， the anaerobic metabolic biodegradation pathway of the antibiotics and the method of relieving the antibiotics caused inhibition were discussed.