基于驾乘人员热感觉的车内空调送风参数设计

Design of Air Supply Parameters in Vehicle Cabin Based on Human Thermal Sensation

摘要:

由于车内热环境的高度不均匀性，适用于均匀热环境的平均热感觉（PMV）评价方法无法对乘员热舒适状态做出客观评估。等效均匀温度（EHT）评价方法则考虑了不均匀热环境对人体的影响。通过建立计算流体力学（CFD）与人体热调节模型的耦合模型，采用最优拉丁超立方设计法，建立乘员舱空调送风参数和太阳参数与EHT和PMV等参数之间关系的近似模型。基于两种评价方法，通过序列二次规划优化算法（NLPQL），对不同热舒适需求下的送风参数进行设计。对比两种评价方法所设计的送风参数下，人体平均皮肤温度、人体与车内热环境的潜热/显热交换量等参数的区别。发现同一热舒适需求下，相较于PMV评价方法，基于EHT评价方法设计出的送风状态更偏向高风温及高风速。

关键词:乘员舱热舒适性;等效均匀温度（EHT）;平均热感觉指数（PMV）;最优拉丁超立方法;送风参数

Abstract:

Due to the highly non-uniform characteristics of the thermal environment of vehicle cabins， the predicted mean vote （PMV-PPD） evaluation method developed from uniform thermal environment cannot objectively evaluate the thermal comfort state of passengers. The evaluation method based on equivalent uniform temperature （EHT） takes into account the response of human body to the heterogeneous thermal environment. In this paper， a coupled simulation model of computational fluid dynamics （CFD） and human thermal physiological model was built， and several approximate models such as EHT and PMV of the passenger compartment with air supply parameters as well as solar parameters were fitted by using the optimal Latin hypercube design method. Then， based on the EHT and PMV evaluation methods， the cabin air supply parameters under different thermal comfort requirements were designed by using the sequential quadratic programming optimization algorithm （NLPQL）. The average skin temperature of human body， the latent / sensible heat transfer rate between human body and the cabin， and the ratio of convective to radiation under the two evaluation methods were compared. It was found that under the same thermal comfort demand， compared with the PMV evaluation method， the air supply state designed based on the EHT method is more inclined to high air temperature as well as a high air-supply velocity.

Key words:vehicle thermal comfort;equivalent uniform temperature（EHT）;predicted mean vote（PMV）;optimal Latin hypercube sampling method;air supply parameter