金梦海湾及其邻近海域水环境因子时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Water Environmental Factors in Jinmeng Bay and Its Adjacent Waters

摘要:

近年来渤海西北部的金梦海湾绿潮等灾害频发，对周边海域养殖、旅游等造成严重影响。基于MIKE 21软件建立金梦海湾水动力和水质数学模型，模拟和分析氮、磷等主要污染物的时空分布特性，并结合主成分分析对金梦海湾水质状况进行评价。结果表明，金梦海湾海域潮流为沿岸往复流，涨潮西南向，落潮东北向，流速较小，水动力较弱。金梦海湾及其邻近海域水质时空分布规律明显：在时间尺度上，丰水期水体污染比平水期和枯水期严重；在空间尺度上，水体污染程度整体呈现由河口向外海递减的趋势，其中汤河口近岸海域污染较严重，主要污染源为河流输入污染。

Abstract:

Jinmeng Bay （JMB） is one of the famous bathing beaches in the Bohai Bay. Green tides have occurred in JMB since 2015， which had a serious effect on aquaculture and tourism. Based on the MIKE 21 hydrodynamic and water quality model， the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the main pollutants in JMB were simulated and analyzed. A principal component analysis was conducted for assessing the water quality in JMB and its adjacent waters. The results show that the tidal current in JMB is mainly reciprocating flow along the shore， which is very weak. The current direction was southwest in flood tide and northeast in ebb tide. The variation of temporal and spatial distribution of water quality in JMB is significant. In temporal terms， the water pollution is more serious in the wet season than that the normal season and the dry season. In spatial terms， the pollution is more serious in the estuary than that in the offshore area and the water quality in the Tang estuary is obviously inferior to that in other estuaries. Finally， some suggestions were proposed which would provide reference for further prevention and control of pollution in JMB.