我国高校发明专利权属分布及其影响因素分析

Ownership Distribution of Invention Patents in Universities in China and Its Influencing Factors Analysis

摘要:

考察中国发明专利申请排名前70位的高校产生的502 545件专利的权属分布情况，并基于面板数据分析影响不同权属分布的因素，发现研发人员规模对高校与各类组织合作研发专利有显著正向影响；科技经费投入和高校所在地经济发展水平对各类发明专利数量均有显著正向影响，但后者对个人拥有率有显著负向影响；拥有医学院类院系对高校独有、其他合作、企业拥有发明专利数量均有显著正向影响；高校是理工类对高校独有、企业拥有发明专利数量和企业拥有率均有显著正向影响，对个人拥有率有显著负向影响；拥有独立技术转移机构对企业拥有发明专利数量有显著正向影响；专利转让模式下教师收益分配比例对发明专利的高校独有率有显著正向影响，对合作类的数量和占比有显著负向影响；入股模式下则相反。据此提出提升科研成果管理水平和推动成果转化的建议。

Abstract:

An investigation was made into the ownership distribution of 502 545 patents generated from the top 70 universities in China， and an analysis was made of the factors affecting the distribution of different ownership based on panel data. Results show that R&D staff size has a significantly positive effect on the patent R&D cooperation among universities and various organizations. Science and technology investments as well as the economic development level of the universities’ locations influences positively the invention patents， but negatively the proportion owned by individuals. Having medical school or related department influences positively the exclusive， other cooperative and enterprise-owned invention patents. University being polytechnic influences positively the exclusive and enterprise-owned invention patents， but negatively the proportion owned by individuals. Owning independent technology transfer agency influences positively the enterprise-owned invention patents. Royalty rate of the teacher influences positively the proportion of exclusive invention patents， but negatively the number and proportion of cooperative invention patents. While the equity rate is the opposite. Suggestions are put forward to improve the management level of scientific research achievements and promote technology transfer.