基于电磁作用增强列车黏着力的研究

Enhancing Adhesion of Train Based on Electromagnetic Action

摘要:

针对高速列车在进一步发展过程中面临的轮轨黏着力不足的问题，基于电磁作用原理，提出一种电磁增压装置，利用电磁线圈在车轮和钢轨之间产生吸力，增加列车黏着力。首先建立电磁增压装置基本结构模型，进行电磁吸力计算，仿真分析研究列车速度、励磁电流、缠绕线圈形状和匝数分布、线圈距轨面高度等对电磁吸力的影响。研制了电磁试验装置对模型进行试验，验证了电磁场仿真结果的准确性，得到电磁吸力随速度、电流、线圈距轨面高度、线圈形状变化的规律。结果表明电磁增压装置能满足不同速度阶段的增加黏着力需求，并在需要时可对车轮添加反向励磁电流进行消磁。研究表明通过合理调节励磁电流大小可实现对转向架各车轮电磁吸力的稳定控制，可有效改善列车运行平稳性，提高列车运行的安全性。

Abstract:

Aimed at the problem of insufficient adhesion between the wheel and the rail in the further development of high-speed train， an electromagnetic supercharging device was proposed based on the principle of electromagnetic action. An electromagnetic coil was used to generate the suction between the wheel and the rail to increase the adhesion of train. First， the basic structure model of electromagnetic supercharging device is established and the electromagnetic suction was calculated. Then， the effects of train speed， excitation current， winding coil circle number distribution and shape of coil， and coil height from rail surface on electromagnetic suction were simulated and analysed. The electromagnetic testing apparatus was developed to verify the exactness of the model and obtain the variation law of electromagnetic suction with speed， current， coil height from rail surface， and coil shape. The results show that the electromagnetic supercharging device can meet the requirements of increasing adhesion and degaussing wheels at different speed stages and can add reverse excitation current to the wheel for demagnetization when necessary. The research shows that the stable control of the electromagnetic suction of each wheel of the bogie can be achieved by reasonably adjusting the excitation current， which can effectively improve the stability and safety of train operation.