碳基材料对有机废弃物厌氧消化的影响及作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Carbonaceous Materials on Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes and Underlying Mechanisms

摘要:

厌氧消化是有机废弃物处理的重要途径之一。首先，综述了碳基材料对提升有机废弃物厌氧消化产酸和产气的效能作用及主要影响因素；然后，从微生物群落结构和丰度的变化、功能微生物活性的提升（如代谢酶和基因丰度等）、微生物之间电子传递的加速、有毒污染物（如氨氮、有机酸等）毒性的削减以及与铁等物质的协同作用等多角度，探究了碳基材料强化厌氧消化效能的关键作用机制；最后，从高效、经济的厌氧消化系统构建以及耦合工艺的开发等角度进行了展望。

Abstract:

Anaerobic digestion is one of the most important strategies for organic wastes disposal. Firstly， the potential impacts of carbonaceous materials on the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes for volatile fatty acids and biogas production as well as the main influencing factors were demonstrated. Then， the main functional mechanisms were revealed from the perspectives of microbial community structure and abundance， microbial activities improvement （i.e. metabolic enzymes and the abundance of genes）， electron transfer acceleration among microorganisms， pollutants toxicity reduction （i.e. ammonia and organic acids）， and the synergistic effects with other substances （i.e. iron）. Finally， the potentiality and necessity of utilizing carbonaceous materials for the built-up of high-efficient and economic combined processes for anaerobic digestion were prospected.