进口温湿度对质子交换膜燃料电池输出性能的影响

Effects of Inlet Gas Temperature and Relative Humidity on Performance Characteristics of PEM Fuel Cell

摘要:

为研究阴阳极气体进口温度和相对湿度（relative humidity，RH）对质子交换膜燃料电池输出性能的影响，构建了一维非等温的两相模型，并采用团聚体子模型考虑催化层微观结构的影响。结果表明：阴阳极相对湿度相同时，干工况（RHa 50% / RHc 50%）下工作温度对燃料电池输出性能的影响有限；不同工作温度时获得的最高电流密度所对应的RH工况不同，90℃时可在高阳极湿度/低阴极湿度工况（RHa 90% / RHc 50%）下获得最高的电流密度，而70℃适合于在高湿度环境（RHa 90% / RHc90 %）下获得更好的输出性能。然后，基于粒子群算法，优化得出阳极湿度恒为90%、且在低阴极RH 0~50%时，温度越高，获得最大功率密度的阴极湿度越小。工作温度和阴极RH分别控制在90℃和14.6%时可获得最高的功率密度，约为0.88 W/cm²。

关键词:质子交换膜燃料电池;进口温度;相对湿度;粒子群算法

Abstract:

A one-dimensional， non-isothermal， two-phase model was employed to investigate the effects of inlet gas temperature and relative humidity （RH） on the output performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）. A cathode catalyst layer （CL） agglomerate sub-model was also coupled into the model to consider the impact of the micro-structure in CL. It is found that the influence of operating temperature on the output performance of PEMFC is limited at the dry case （RHa50%/RHc50%）. The highest current density at various operating temperatures corresponds to different RH conditions. When the operating temperature is 90℃， the highest current density is attained at the RHa 90% / RHc 50% case， while a lower inlet temperature （70℃） has the highest current density at the RHa 90% /RHc 90% case. Additionally， when the RHa is constant at 90% and RHc is kept at a low level （0?50%）， the RHc corresponding to the maximum power density is lower with a higher temperature based on particle swarm optimization. Under whole operating conditions， the peak power density can be up to 0.88 W/cm2 when the operating temperature is 90℃ and RHc is 14.6%.

Key words:proton exchange membrane fuel cell;inlet temperature;relative humidity;particle swarm optimization