八车道高速公路可变信息标志前置距离对驾驶行为的影响

Effect of VMS Frontal Distance of Eight-lane Freeway on Driving Behavior

摘要:

基于驾驶模拟实验，设置3.0、2.5、1.5、0.7 km 4种前置距离的可变信息标志（variable message sign，VMS），收集32名驾驶员视认4种前置距离的VMS后换道驶出高速公路过程中的方向盘、速度和位置数据，并观察各驾驶员在换道过程中的方向盘操控行为、换道行为、减速行为。结果表明：VMS视认过程属于多任务驾驶行为，驾驶员需在短时间内完成VMS视认、路径决策、车辆减速与换道；当VMS前置距离不足时，驾驶员需快速、大幅转动方向盘，进行连续换道、急换道；为顺利驶入减速车道，部分驾驶员采取减速换道措施，增加了事故风险；当VMS前置距离过长时，驾驶员对VMS的短期记忆效应使得驾驶负荷提高。

Abstract:

Based on the driving simulation experiment， four variable message sign （VMS） frontal distances of 3.0 km， 2.5 km， 1.5 km， and 0.7 km were set， and the steering wheel， speed and position data of 32 drivers were collected during the process of changing lane and leaving freeway after the recognition of VMS with four frontal distances. Then， the steering behavior， lane changing behavior， and deceleration behavior during the lane changing process were analyzed. It is shown that the VMS recognition procedure can be classified as the multi-tasking driving behavior， because drivers have to complete VMS recognition， route diversion decision， deceleration and lane changing in a short time； if the VMS frontal distance is not long enough， drivers should turn the steering wheel quickly and sharply so as to change lanes continuously and urgently； to successfully enter the deceleration lane， some drivers reduce speed during the lane changing process， which increases the traffic risk； when the VMS frontal distance is too long， the short-term memory effect on VMS increases the driving load of drivers.