全行驶状态下虚拟轨道列车的动载及道路友好特性

Dynamic Load Characteristics and Road Friendliness of Virtual Track Train in Full Running Conditions

摘要:

为分析虚拟轨道列车在站间全行驶状态下（牵引、匀速、制动）的动载特性和道路友好性，基于车辆动力学、轮胎动力学、非线性动力学等理论，构建了随机路面激励下的虚拟轨道列车动力学模型，该模型考虑了车辆之间的耦合作用和轮胎?路面的相互作用，并对该动力学模型进行了验证。通过理论分析和数值计算，对虚拟轨道列车在站间全行驶状态下的动载特性和道路友好性进行了探究，同时分析了运行速度、路面等级和加/减速度的影响。结果表明：全行驶状态下的各轮纵向力趋于稳定值，牵引和制动状态下大小相等，方向相反，匀速状态下趋于零。牵引状态下车辆1前轴垂向动载荷均方根值最大，而制动状态下车辆3后轴最大。相较于牵引和制动状态，匀速状态下的道路友好性更优。垂向动载荷均方根值和道路友好性均与运行速度、加/减速度均呈正相关，与路面等级呈负相关。研究内容能够为虚拟轨道列车的运行模式提供建议以提高运行效率，同时，能够为沥青路面的选型提供指导以减缓道路损坏。

关键词:虚拟轨道列车;全行驶状态;动载特性;道路友好性

Abstract:

A dynamics model of the virtual track train was developed based on the theories of vehicle， tire and nonlinear dynamics. The coupling between vehicles and the tire-road interaction were also considered in the virtual track train dynamics model. Meanwhile， the correctness of the dynamics model was verified by field tests. The dynamic load characteristics and road friendliness of the virtual track train in full running conditions between stations were investigated through theoretical analysis and numerical calculations. In addition， the effects of running speed， road grade and acceleration/deceleration were also analyzed. The results indicate that the longitudinal force of each tire in the full running condition is constant. The longitudinal force is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction in the traction and braking conditions， and is zero in the uniform condition. In the traction condition， the root means square （RMS） of the vertical dynamic load on the front axle of Vehicle 1 is the largest， while in the braking condition， the rear axle of Vehicle 3 is the largest. The road friendliness is better in the uniform condition compared with that in the traction condition and braking condition. The RMS of vertical dynamic load and road friendliness are all positively correlated with running speed， acceleration/deceleration， and negatively correlated with road grade. This paper can provide recommendations for the operation mode of the virtual track train to improve operation efficiency， and can provide guidance for the selection of asphalt pavement to reduce road damage.

Key words:virtual track train;full running conditions;dynamic load characteristics;road friendliness