中国乡村聚落建筑面积时空变化分析

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Rural Settlements Evolution in China

摘要:

基于土地覆盖数据集（CLCD）产品和轮廓提取算法，系统开展了1990―2020年中国乡村聚落建筑形态、面积扩展及其时空变化研究。通过深入分析乡村聚落时空变化特征发现：在快速城镇化进程中，中国乡村人口不断减少的同时，乡村聚落呈现持续扩张的态势。2020年中国乡村聚落面积约是1990年的2倍。小面积的乡村聚落拥有更快的扩张速度，在面积到达特定阈值后开始逐渐放缓。乡村聚落扩张速度具有明显的空间差异性，西部地区的扩张速度快于东部地区。乡村聚落的持续扩张和规模扩大，一方面反映了中国城乡平衡发展取得了可喜进展，另一方面也反映了城乡建设用地“双增长”可能对农业及生态用地产生负面影响，对此应当引起高度重视。

Abstract:

Based on China land cover dataset (CLCD) and contour extraction algorithm，this paper systematically studies the form and area expansion of rural settlements architecture in China from 1990 to 2020. The results show that in the process of rapid urbanization， the rural population in China is decreasing while the rural settlements are expanding continuously. In 2020， the area of rural settlements in China was about twice that of 1990. Small rural settlements have a faster expansion rate and gradually slow down after a specific threshold. The expansion rate of rural settlements has obvious spatial difference， and the expansion rate in the western China is faster than that in the eastern China. The continuous expansion of rural settlements reflects the encouraging progress in China’s balanced development between urban and rural areas. The “double growth” of urban and rural construction land may have a negative impact on agricultural and ecological land， which should be paid great attention to.