贵州古代玉器概况与玉料来源

Overview of Ancient Jade Ware in Guizhou and Analysis of Jade Origin

摘要:

以考古发现为线索，结合文献研究和实物比对，利用现代大型仪器检测设备，分析了贵州出土玉器的时代特点和玉质材料。这些玉器的玉材种类非常丰富，并具有时代和地域特色。两汉时期以前，贵州透闪石材质的玉器很少，之后和田玉玉器数量占据主体地位。根据孔雀石和贵州罗甸和田玉的地质与矿物学分析，探讨了贵州古代早期玉料来源“就近取材”的可能性。贵州罗甸和田玉化学成分中的Na₂O和K₂O质量分数较高，Al₂O₃与MnO质量分数较低，这与古代其他产地的和田玉的化学成分有明显区别。

Abstract:

Using archaeological findings as clues， in combination with literature research and comparison with naked eyes， and supplemented by advanced instruments testing， this paper analyzes the epochal characteristics and material of jade unearthed in Guizhou. The original raw materials of these jade ware are versatile and have different characteristics in different ages and areas. Before the Han Dynasty， there were few nephrite ware in Guizhou. After that， the number of Xinjiang nephrite artifacts had the dominant position. Based on the geological and mineralogical analysis of malachite and nephrite from Luodian， Guizhou， the possibility that the jade were from local source in early ancient Guizhou was discussed. The content of Na₂O and K₂O in the chemical composition of nephrite from Luodian， Guizhou is high， while the content of Al₂O₃ and MnO is low， which is obviously different from the chemical composition of nephrite from other ancient regions.