基于超构材料设计吸声降噪结构的研究进展

Research Progress on Structure Design of Sound Absorption and Noise Reduction Based on Metamaterials

摘要:

噪声污染是重要的环境问题，研究如何设计吸声结构以降低环境中的噪声一直是一项富有挑战性的课题。相比于传统材料，超构材料因其低频吸声的突出优势，成为目前设计研究的热点。首先介绍2种主要的声学吸收机制：声学黏滞性理论和热传导理论。在此基础上，阐述了吸声结构的基本设计分析方法，包括阻抗分析方法、数值计算方法以及实验方法，其中阻抗分析方法主要介绍了阻抗匹配理论和复频率平面分析方法。接着，根据目前吸声结构的设计研究现状进行分类，深入介绍基于超构材料设计的研究进展，讨论了其实际应用和可能的发展方向，最后从结构设计、工作频带、结构尺寸、吸声效果方面对基于超材料的吸声结构进行了总结，并分析了其在实际应用和不同工况下面临的挑战。

Abstract:

Noise pollution is an important environmental problem. It is always a challenging subject to study how to design sound-absorbing structures to reduce noise in the environment. Compared with the traditional material， metamaterials have attracted wide attention due to their excellent advantage in the low-frequency sound absorption. In this paper， two major mechanisms， i.e.， the acoustic viscosity theory and the heat conduction theory， of acoustic absorption are introduced. Next， the basic research methods of sound absorption structures are introduced， including the impedance analysis theory， the numerical calculation method， and the experimental technique. The impedance analysis theory includes the impedance matching theory and the complex frequency plane. Then， according to the current design and research status of sound absorption structures， this paper presents relevant works， introducing the research progress of design based on metamaterials， and analyzing the practical application and possible development direction. Finally， the absorber based on metamaterials is summarized from structure design， working frequency， structural size and absorber performance， and the challenges in practical application and working condition are analyzed.