低阻附件对某低风阻车型气动影响研究

Influence of Low-Resistance Accessories on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low-Resistance Vehicles

摘要:

以某低风阻电动汽车为研究对象，分别对有无前轮扰流板、后轮侧板及后轮导流罩展开数值研究，通过对比不同工况气动力、表面压力、流场计算结果，评估了3种低阻附件对低风阻车型气动特性的影响。研究表明：相较于基础工况，仅去掉前轮扰流板、后轮侧板、后轮导流罩以及同时去掉后轮侧板及导流罩时，该车总风阻力分别增大3.0%、6.5%、-1.8%、1.2%；低阻车总风阻力变化的主要贡献来自于前后轮区域、车底和背部；低阻附件主要通过改变车轮区域的流场间接影响车底阻塞度，进而改变车轮-车身空气动力学的相互作用，从而给低阻车整车气动特性带来影响。

关键词:低风阻车型;低阻附件;数值模拟;气动特性

Abstract:

A numerical research is conducted on a low-resistance electric vehicle with or without front wheel spoiler， rear wheel side plate， and rear wheel deflector. By comparing the aerodynamic force， surface pressure， and the computed result of flow field， the effects of low-resistance accessories on the aerodynamic characteristics of these working conditions are evaluated. The result indicates that compared with the basic condition， when removing only the front wheel spoiler， the rear wheel side plate and the rear wheel deflector， and removing both the rear wheel side plate and the deflector， the total resistance of the vehicle is increased by 3.0 %， 6.5 %， －1.8 %， and 1.2 % respectively. The main contribution to the change in the total resistance of the low-resistance vehicle came from the front and rear wheel areas， underbody， and base. The low-resistance attachments mainly affect the underbody obstruction indirectly by changing the flow field in the wheel area， which in turn changes the wheel-body aerodynamic interaction， thereby affecting the aerodynamic characteristics of the low-resistance vehicle.

Key words:low wind resistance car;low-resistance accessories;numerical simulation;aerodynamic characteristics