基于电阻器耦合的电动汽车感应充电定位

Verification of the Positioning of Battery Electric Vehicles over an Inductive Charger, by Estimating the Coupling Through a Resistor

摘要:

目前，市场上出现越来越多的以电池为动力的电动汽车，其中大多数电动汽车必须通过有线充电装置进行充电。与之相对应的感应式无线充电系统，可以让充电过程更加舒适。无线充电系统一般由初级线圈和次级线圈组成，其中初级线圈可以建立在停车场，将电能转化为场能；次级线圈安装在车辆中，接收初级线圈能量并转化为电能，为车辆电池充电。为保证充电过程安全有效，初级线圈和次级线圈必须充分耦合，这可通过将车辆准确定位在初级线圈上方来实现。本文提出了一种简单而经济的方法来验证线圈之间的耦合是否足以满足充电条件。通过安装在次级线圈侧的电阻，来模拟在确定工作条件下无线充电系统的电池负载；电阻两端电压可以用来估计线圈之间的耦合度，以反映车辆与初级线圈的相对位置。本文在数学和物理原理的基础上解释了这个概念，并在一个真实的无线电传输线路上进行了试验评估。

Abstract:

Battery-powered electric vehicles have arrived on the streets. Most electric vehicles have to be recharged by plugging-in a cable. A wireless charging system with induction makes the process more comfortable. The primary coil， build in the parking lot， transforms the electric energy into field energy. The secondary coil， build in the vehicle， receives the energy and transforms it into electric energy and recharges the battery. To ensure safe and efficient charging， the coil pair must be coupled sufficient. This is done by positioning the vehicle well enough over the primary coil.This paper presents a simple and cost-effective way to verify whether the coupling between the coil pair is sufficient enough for charging. A resistor， on the secondary side， simulates the load of the battery on the wireless charging system in defined operating condition. The voltage across the resistor can be used to estimate the coupling between the coils. This relates to the positioning of the vehicle. The paper explains the concept on the basis of mathematical and physical principles. The results are evaluated on a real wireless power transmission track.